Automatic and continuous film distillation apparatus.



. No. 829258. PATENTBD AUG. 21; 1906.

' F. J. CLEM'ENGER.

AUTOMATIC AND CONTINUOUS FILM DISTILLATION.AP BARATU.

APPLIGATION FILED DEO.16,1903.

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FRANCIS J. GLEMENGER, or BEAUMONT, TEXAS. Auro nAT c AND-CONTINUOUS FILMVDISTILLATIOIN APPARATUS.

, Patented Au 21,1906.

Application filed December 16, 1908- I Serial No. 185,424.

To all whom it may concern,- t

Be it known that I, FRANCIS J. CLEMENGER,

-a citizen of 'the United States, residing at Beaumont, in thecounty-of" Jefferson, State of Texas, have invented certain new and uselhis invention relates to an automatic and continuousfilm distillationapparatus, and

particularly to an apparatus designed to separate the distilled-productsaccording to their different volatility. The invention has for an objectto provide a construction embod 'ng an independent heating means by whica film of oil may be subjected to different degrees of heat and thevolatilized products conducted therefrom to a collector or separatorfrom which these vapplrs are condensed according to their volati 't Tiieinvention has for a further object to provide independentheating-chambers com municating with a single source of heat, wherebythe products of combustion from the secondary chamber are conducted tothe primary chamber, thereby maintaining in the primary chamber a lowerdegree of heat than in the secondary chamber, so that the prod-v uctsdischarged from the primary chamber will be subjected to a greater heatupon their entrance into the secondary chamber.

Another object of the invention is to rovide means for comminuting themateria before its introduction into the heating-chambers and alsoanimproved apparatus for effectually separating vapors into distillatesrelative to their volatility.

Other and further objects and advantagesof the invention will behereinafter set forth and thenovel features thereof defined by the.appended claims.

. view of the separator on the line 3 3 of Fig. 1.

Like. letters of reference refer to like parts in the several figures ofthe drawings. The letter A designates a pump of any desired constructionby which the iquid to be distilled is forced into the cylinder A,interiorly provided with a body of reticulated '-material A such asfine-wire. netting, which surrounds the dperforated inlet-pipe A bywhich a heate medium is introduced into .the cylinder A such as ordinaryor super heated steam or other suitable gas-for instance, any productsof combustion. .The

cylinder A constitutes a comminuter by which the liquid passingtherethrou h becomes finely divided and is changed om a. solid liquidform to an extremely finely divided froth. This froth is discharged fromthe comminuter through the-pipe A, which extends within the primaryheatin -chamber B and is therein suitabl pe orated. This heating-chamberis provi ed with'a series of pipes or flues B, through which the roductsof combustion passing to the stack 2 are adapted to pass and arereversed in direction by means of the baffle-plates B, B, and B disposedat the opposite ends of the heating-chamber, as shown in the drawings.The upper portion of this chamber is also provided with a dome B, fromwhich the conducting-pipe B extends. At the lower portion of theheating-chamber a trap ed con ducting- 'pe B is provided, by whicli theliquid whic is not vaporized in the first chamber may be conducted to asecond chamber C, which is provided with a fire-box C, and being thefirst still to be heated bythe products of combustion maintains a.higher tern} perature' than the chamber B. The dis-.

chargeepipe B from the chamber B extends within the chamber C and isperforated, as .at B, for the purpose of discharging the liquid upon theheated flues C through which the products of combustion from thefire-box C are adapted to pass. The products are directed in oppositedirections through the flues by means of bathe-plates C and C andfinally discharged into the inner portion of resistin plates D,supported upon lugs from p Ids IIO

the wa s of the separator to permit passage X ferent specific volatilityor gravity are adapt-' ed to be removed therefrom-by condensingcoilsE,E, and E communicating at different points in the height of theseparator and discharging into the tanks F, F, and F respectively. Eachcoil has a portion of its length extended through the condensing-1chamber E It will thus be seen that the entire operation is continuousand automatic, thus effecting a great saving of time and labor, whilethe products produced are superior tothe result of the ordinaryprocesses or methods, andthe capacity of the apparatus is very largelyincreased, while the fuel consumed is correspondingly decreased. -Itwillbe seen that the liquid in its finely-divided condition is passed to.the primary heating-chamber therevaporized as a'filmby slowly'flowingover-heated pipes-therein, so that the gases of one specific volatilitymaybe con-' ducted directlyttherefrom-to the upper por-v tion of theseparator, while the heavier liquids not vaporized-in the primaryheating chamber are carried to the secondaryheating-chamber, Where agreater degree. of heat is applied and the vaporizedportions-conductedttherefromto-the lowerportion of the separator.portion of the liquid then escapes from the secondary chamber.

Owing to the temperature prevailing in the separator or column D, whichis regulated'by the dampers D the gasolene vapors are constantlyascending in the separator and escape fromthe upper condensing pi e E.The vaj pors which succeed the gaso enein boilingpoint are of lessvolatility relativel to the temperature of the separator an escapetherefrom through the condensing-pipe E.

Referring to the apparatus shown, in which a continuous and automaticdistillation is secured, the still B receives the crude oil from thecomminuter A at a density of 20 Baum, (Texas crude.) In passing throughstill B the light hydrocarbons are volatilized,

and the vapors therefromissue through pipe B into the separator D, wherethe-tempera ture isso regulated that the vapors do not fall below thesecond plate D from the to The oil in still ,B being deprived of'its ligt constituents is reduced toa density of 22 'Baum and'flows atthis stagethrough-thev connection B into the still'C. 'The stronger I 'rator Theremaining heavy and viscous fire'beneath this still causes the heavieroils vto-be evaporated therein, and-they are carried through theconnecting-pipe G into the separator 'Dat a lower point than theproducts of the first still. When the vapors from a single still areconducted directly to a condenser, an uneven distillate is secured, asin the most careful adjustment of the temperature in the still thevapors therefrom vary in character and density, dependent upon thevariation in the temperature and also upon the character of oilintroduced. 'Under these conditions all of the vapors are conducted toone condenser, giving an unsatisfactory product; In order to avoid this,the separator D is provided, and the conductingpipe B dischargesthereinto.below the top, so that the lightest or gasolene vapors ascendto the condensing-pipe E, while the heavier 1 vapors lie below the pointof introduction of the pipe and are adapted to pass from thecondensing-pipe E. In the continuous process' the oil from which thelighter vapors have higher. temperature, and the vapors from this stillalso vary in density, so that the lighter ones therefrom ascend andcommingle or contact with the heavier vapors-from the firststill,both-of which are of approximatelythe same density and areconducted through the condensing-pipe E, while the heavier vapors fromthis latter still will .be removed by the condensing-pipe E Thisoperation is effectually secured by the proper regulation of thetemperature of the separator, which conbeen extracted passes to thesecond still at a trols the vapors therein, while the resistingplatesprevents eneral commingling and contamination oft e gases within thesepa- This latter result is also obviated to a large extent bythelcontinued passage from the separator through the differentcondensng-pipes, so that there is a moving current of vapors-within theseparator during the operation of the stills. There is also some degreeof condensation in the conducting-pipes and upon theplates D within theseparator,

theproducts of-which-fall as a liquid to the bottom of'the separator andare conducted therefrom by the pipe E The use of this separator effectsa continuous distillation with a better rectification of the differentproducts and with the use of a materially smaller quantity ofchemicalsthan are usually necessary in the manufacture ofthe differentdistillates. I

While the apparatus is particularly adapted for the distillation ofpetroleum-oil and similar liquids, still it is designed for use with anycharacter of liquid.

Having now described my invention and set forth its merits, what Iclaim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. In a distilling apparatus, a primary heating-chamber, a secondaryheating-cham-- ber-subjected to a different temperaturefrom the primarychamber and receiving the liquid product therefrom, a separator, achamber surrounding said separator, inde endent conducting-pipes fromeach of said eatingehambers connected with. the separator at differentpoints, and a series of condensingpipes connected with said separator atdiffer ent points in its height.

2. In a distilling apparatus, a rimary heating-chamber and a secondaryheating chamber separate from each other and connected by aheat-passage, a fire-box beneath the secondary chamber, means forintrodu'eing. material into the primary chamber, means for conductingmaterial from the primary to the secondary chamber, meansfor removinunvaporized material from the secondary c amber, a separator, acommunicating passage from each of the heating-chambers with theseparator, and condensingpipes communicating with said separator.

3. In a distillation apparatus, a primary heating-chamber and asecondary heating chamber separate from each other and connected by aheat-passage, a fire-box beneath the secondary chamber, means forintroducing material into the primary chamber,

means for conducting material from the pri- 'm ary to the secondarychamber, means for removinglunvaporized material from the secondary camber, a separator, a communicating passage from each of theheating-chambers with the separator, and condensingpipes communicatingwith said separator at different points in its height. I

. 4. In a distillation apparatus, a primary heating-chamber and asecondary heatingchamber separate from eachother and connected by aheat-passage, a fire-box beneath the secondary chamber, means forintroducing material into the primary chamber, means for conductingmaterial from the primary to the secondary chamber, means forremovinglunvaporized material from the secondary c amber, a se arator, acommunicating passage from eac of the heating-chambers with theseparator, condensingipes communicating withsaid separator at differentpoints in its height, and inde endent collecting-receptacles for each oft e condensing-pipes. I

5. In a distillation apparatus, a rimary heating-chamber and a secondaryeatingchamber separate from each other and connected by a heat-passage,a fire-box beneath the secondar chamber, means for introducing materiainto the primary chamber, means for conducting material from the primaryto the secondary chamber, means for removing unvaporized material from.the secondary chamber, a separator, a communieat ing passage from eachof said chambers withv the separator, condensing-pipes communieatingwith said separator at different points in its height, independentcollecting recepta- 6 5 chamber separate from each other and connectedby a heat-passage, a fire-box beneath the secondary chamber, means forintroducing material into the primary chamber, means for conductingmaterialfrom the primary to the secondary chamber, means for removinunvaporized material from the sec ondary c amber, a separator, acommunicating passage from each of said heating-chambers with saidseparator, condensing-pipes communicating with said separator atdifferent points in its height, independent collecting-receptaeles foreach of the condensingpipes, an air-chamber surrounding said separatorand provided with air-inlets at different points in its height, andresisting-plates disposed one above another and supported'by lugsextending inward from the walls of the separator.

7. In a distillation apparatus, a plurality of heating-chambers, aseparator communieating with the upper portions thereof to receive'thevapors therefrom, a series of superposed resisting-plates supportedwithin said separator, and a series of condensing-pipes disposed atdifferent points in the height of the separator.

8. Ina distlllation' apparatus, a plurality of heating-chambers, aseparator communicating with the upper portions thereof to re ceive thevapors therefrom, a series of superposed resisting-plates supportedwithin said separator, a series of condensing-pipes d sposed atdifferent points in the height of sa d separator, an air-jacketsurrounding said separator, and air-inlets therein for varying thetemperature within said jacket.

9. In a distillation apparatus, a primary heating-chamberhaving a seriesof flues, a

pipe disposed within the same to discharge upon the flues, a secondaryheating-chamber provided with a series of flues, a pipe disposed thereinto discharge a feed of oil upon said flues, a trapped connection betweenthe lower portion of the primary chamber and the pipe within thesecondary chamber, a col- IIO looting-chamber, and independent means forconducting gas from each heating-chamber to different points in theheight ofsaid colleeting chamber.

10. In a distillation apparatus, a primary heating-chamber having aseries of flues, a pipe disposed within the same to discharge upon saidflues, asecondary heating-chamber provided with a series of flues, a pie disposed therein to discharge a film of oi upon said flues, a trappedconnection between the lower portion of the primary chaniber and her todifferent points in the height of said the pipe within the secondarychamber, a collecting-chamber. 4 1o commmuter rovided with a body ofreticu- In testimony whereof I'a'flix my signature lated materia thereinthrough which the liqin presence of two witnesses.

5 uid to be vaporized is passed before its env FRANCIS J. CLEMENGERQtrance into the primary heating-chamber, Witnesses: p

I a co1lecting-chamber,andindependentmeans FELIX CHARLES TH'IELE,

for conducting gas from each heating-cham- H E. SMITH;

